The following article reproduces the article "Über den Entwurf des Lebens: Genetische Redundanz" by Dr. Peter Borger, published in the "Studium Integrale Journal" (Vol. 29, Issue 2; October 2022). Quotes without further attribution originate directly from the aforementioned original article. To a layperson, genetic redundancy can be translated as "fault tolerance" or a "backup." It means that genes are not "selfish" (each solely responsible for its own specific task of produc

In 2006, the genus Tiktaalik was discovered in the Upper Devonian and interpreted as evidence of an evolutionary transition from fish to tetrapod (four-legged animals).